150 Level 5 Performance Assessment
SOL ELECTRIC COMPANY
Employee Handbook
Power plant dispatchers at our utility company control the flow of electricity through our transmission lines. They must constantly monitor control systems to make sure electricity is flowing properly, and in the correct amount, to where it is needed. They must monitor current converters, voltage transformers, and circuit breakers. The dispatcher must also monitor the pilot board. The pilot board is a map of the grid system that shows the status of the transmission circuits and the connections to factories and substations.
One of the most important responsibilities dispatchers have is anticipating changes in the need for electricity. Weather conditions are often a good indicator of potential changes in the need, or demands, for electricity. When a change in the need for electricity is expected due to weather forecasts, dispatchers must contact the control-room operators. Dispatchers instruct the operators to be ready to start or stop boilers and generators.
Dispatchers are also first responders during emergencies such as transmission line failures. In these situations, they are responsible for routing the electrical current around the affected areas. Current is routed away from the down substation to nearby functional substations so the outage is confined to just the one substation and the area it serves.
17. You are a power plant dispatcher at a local utility company. Under what condition would you inform the control-room operators to be prepared for an increase in electricity use among your customers?
A. when the dispatchers start the boilers
B. when a current is routed from the substation
C. when a heat wave is forecasted for the area
D. when the grid system is upgraded
E. when substations are added to the grid
18. In what situation would you have to reroute electrical current?
F. when use is low in one area
G. when there are too many substations
H. when the circuit breakers are malfunctioning
J. when transmission lines at a substation fail
K. when the voltage transformers cannot produce usable electricity
Answers are on page 256.
TRẢ LỜI CÓ GIẢI THÍCH
Câu 17: Đáp án C – when a heat wave is forecasted for the area.
Giải thích: Bài đọc nói "Weather conditions are often a good indicator of potential changes in the need... for electricity. When a change in the need for electricity is expected due to weather forecasts, dispatchers must contact the control-room operators." — một đợt nóng (heat wave) là một điều kiện thời tiết, khi được dự báo sẽ báo hiệu nhu cầu điện tăng, nên dispatcher cần thông báo cho các operator chuẩn bị.
Câu 18: Đáp án J – when transmission lines at a substation fail.
Giải thích: Bài đọc nói "Dispatchers are also first responders during emergencies such as transmission line failures. In these situations, they are responsible for routing the electrical current around the affected areas." — khi đường dây truyền tải tại một trạm biến áp gặp sự cố, dòng điện cần được định tuyến lại (rerouted).
MỘT SỐ TỪ MỚI TRONG BÀI
power plant dispatcher - người điều phối nhà máy điện
utility company - công ty tiện ích (điện, nước...)
transmission lines - đường dây truyền tải điện
monitor - giám sát, theo dõi
current converter - bộ chuyển đổi dòng điện
voltage transformer - máy biến áp
circuit breaker - cầu dao, thiết bị ngắt mạch
pilot board - bảng điều khiển/bảng theo dõi trung tâm
substation - trạm biến áp
anticipate - dự đoán trước
demand - nhu cầu
forecas
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